Common Acronyms
AC Alternating Current
ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
ACT Activity
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
AMD Advanced Micro Devices
AMR Audio Modem Riser
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
APM Advanced Power Management
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASR Automated System Recovery
AT Advanced Technology
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
ATAPI Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATX Advanced Technology Extended
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BNC Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Navel Connector
BRI Basic Rate Interface
BTX Balanced Technology Extended
CCD Charged Coupled Device
CD Compact Disc
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory
CD-RW Compact Disc-Rewritable
CDFS Compact Disc File System
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CNR Communication Network Riser
COM1 Communication Port 1
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRIMM Continuity-Rambus Inline Memory Module
CRT Cathode-Ray Tube
DAC Discretionary Access Control
DB-25 Serial Communications D-Shell Connector (25 Pins)
DB-9 9 Pin D-Shell Connector
DC Direct Current
DDOS Distributed Denial of Service
DDR Double Data-Rate
DDR RAM Double Data-Rate Random Access Memory
DDR SDRAM Double Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
DFS Distributed File System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm
DIP Dual Inline Package
DLT Digital Linear Tape
DLP Digital Light Processing
DMA Direct Memory Access
DNS Domain Name Service or Domain Name Server
DOS Disk Operating System or Denial of Service
DPMS Display Power Management Signaling
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DVD Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc
DVD-RAM Digital Video Disc-Random Access Memory
DVD-ROM Digital Video Disc-Read Only Memory
DVD-R Digital Video Disc-Recordable
DVD-RW Digital Video Disc-Rewritable
DVI Digital Visual Interface
ECC Error Correction Code
ECP Extended Capabilities Port
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EFS Encrypting File System
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMP Electromagnetic Pulse
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
ERD Emergency Repair Disk
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface
EVGA Extended Video Graphics Adapter/Array
EVDO Evolution Data Optimized or Evolution Data Only
FAT File Allocation Table
FAT12 12-Bit File Allocation Table
FAT16 16-Bit File Allocation Table
FAT32 32-Bit File Allocation Table
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FERPA Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
Fn Function (referring to the function key on a laptop)
FPM Fast Page-Mode
FRU Field Replaceable Unit
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
GB Gigabyte
GDI Graphics Device Interface
GHz Gigahertz
GUI Graphical User Interface
GPRS General Packet Radio System
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCL Hardware Compatibility List
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMi High Definition Media Interface
HPFS High Performance File system
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets Layer
I/O Input/Output
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICS Internet Connection Sharing
ICR Intelligent Character Recognition
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIS Internet Information Services
IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
IPCONFIG Internet Protocol Configuration
IPP Internet Printing Protocol
IPSEC Internet Protocol Security
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
IPX/SPX Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
IR Infrared
IrDA Infrared Data Association
IRQ Interrupt Request
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO Industry Standards Organization
ISP Internet Service Provider
KB Kilobyte
LAN Local Area Network
LBA Logical Block Addressing
LC Lucent Connector
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED Light Emitting Diode
LIP or LiPoly Lithium-Ion Polymer
Li-on Lithium-Ion
LPD/LPR Line Printer Daemon/Line Printer Remote
LPT Line Printer Terminal
LPT1 Line Printer Terminal 1
LPX Low Profile Extended
LVD Low Voltage Differential
MAC Media Access Control
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
MBR Master Boot Record
MBSA Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MCR Multivariant Curve Resolution
MFD Multi-Function Device
MFP Multi-Function Product
MHz Megahertz
MicroDIMM Micro Dual Inline Memory Module
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MLI Multiple Link Interface
MMC Microsoft Management Console
MMX Multimedia Extensions
MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSCONFIG Microsoft Configuration
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MUI Multilingual User Interface
NAS Network-Attached Storage
NAT Network Address Translation
NetBIOS Networked Basic Input/Output System
NetBEUI Networked Basic Input/Output System Extended User Interface
NFS Network File System
NIC Network Interface Card
NiCd Nickel Cadmium
NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride
NLI Not Logged In or Natural Language Interface
NLX New Low-Profile Extended
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS New Technology File System
NTLDR New Technology Loader
NWLINK Netware Link
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OMR Optical Mark Recognition
OS Operating System
OSR Original Equipment Manufacturer Service Release
PAN Personal Area Network
PATA Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
PC Personal Computer
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
PCIX Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PCL Printer Control Language
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PGA Pin Grid Array
PGA2 Pin Grid Array 2
PIN Personal Identification Number
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PnP Plug and Play
POP Post Office Protocol
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
POST Power-On Self Test
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PS/2 Personal System/2 Connector
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
PXE Preboot Execution Environment
QoS Quality of Service
RAID Redundant Array of Independent (or inexpensive) Discs
RAM Random Access Memory
RAS Remote Access Service
RBAC Role-Based Access Control or Rule-Based Access Control
RDRAM RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory
RF Radio Frequency
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RGB Red Green Blue
RIMM RAMBUS Inline Memory Module
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIS Remote Installation Service
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJ Registered Jack
RJ-11 Registered Jack Function 11
RJ-45 Registered Jack Function 45
RMA Returned Material Authorization
ROM Read Only Memory
RS-232 or RS-232C Recommended Standard 232
RTC Real-Time Clock
SAN Storage Area Network
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SC Subscription Channel
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SCSI ID Small Computer System Interface Identifier
SD card Secure Digital Card
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SEC Single Edge Connector
SFC System File Checker
SGRAM Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory
SIMM Single Inline Memory Module
SLI Scalable Link Interface or System Level Integration or Scanline Interleave Mode
SMB Server Message Block or Small to Midsize Business
SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SoDIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
SOHO Small Office/Home Office
SP Service Pack
SP1 Service Pack 1
SP2 Service Pack 2
SPDIF Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format
SPGA Staggered Pin Grid Array
SPX Sequenced Package Exchange
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SSH Secure Shell
SSID Service Set Identifier
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
ST Straight Tip
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
SXGA Super Extended Graphics Array
TB Terabyte
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDR Time Domain Reflectometer
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
UDF User Defined Functions or Universal Disk Format or Universal Data Format
UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UL Underwriter’s Laboratory
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
USMT User State Migration Tool
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array
VESA Video Electronics Standards Association
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA Video Graphics Array
VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WIFI Wireless Fidelity
WINS Windows Internet Name Service
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPA Wireless Protected Access
WUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array
XGA Extended Graphics Array
ZIF Zero-Insertion-Force
ZIP Zigzag Inline Package